Dr. Irene Chiesa, MEng, is a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Information Engineering at the University of Pisa (UniPi), Italy. She was granted a research fellowship at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia prior to receiving her PhD degree from UniPi. Her thesis focused on the expansion and consolidation of 4D printing for the fabrication of multi-material active structures for biomedical applications. Currently, her research concentrates on the investigation of 3D and 4D printing to manufacture active constructs for tissue engineering and medical devices. She can be reached by email at irene.chiesa@phd.unipi.it.